2.3 Earthquake Hazards And Safety


Vocabulary


Liquefaction:when an earthquake mushes soil into a liquid
Aftershock:this is another earthquake that is after another earthquake
Tsunami:this is when an earthquake occurs in the ocean causing large waves
Base-Isolated Building:a bearing that doesn't damage the building but using the power on the bearing

Outline


How Earthquakes Cause Damage

  • when earthquakes hit it could cause disasterous damage
    • these tremendous ground forces can tear down and destroy any building house, poles, gas, and water mains
Local Soil Conditions
  • when seismic waves hit hard rock to soft soil it puts a lot of force on the soil
    • the more thick the soil is the more the damage will be
Liquefaction
  • this action happens when soft soil turns into liquidly mud
    • as the earthquake gives room this effect makes buildings sink
Aftershocks
  • this affect strikes after an earthquake is caused
    • aftershocks are like smalller earthquakes, but aftershocks don't come immediately after an earthquake strike, but it could take like days, weeks, or even months for it to happen
Tsunamis
  • these massive tital waves happen when the ocean-floor was hit by an earthquake
    • these waves spread out from the epicenter of the earthquake and go across the water

Making Buidings Safer

  • injurie and deaths are cause by earthquakes
    • to lower damage problems new buildings must be more strong and more flexible
Choice of Location
  • the location of the building is very important because depending on the area is how bad the earthquake is
    • land such as filled land can shake dangerously
Construction Methods
  • the way of construcing a build is if it can withstand an earthquake or not
    • they make a design of a base isolated building with springs at the bottom so the damage won't be critical, but the building will go back and forth

Protecting Yourself During an Earthquake

  • protecting yourself during an earthquake is very important because you might get hurt by falling objects
    • the best way to protect yourself is to go under a table and hold the legs or go next to a wall and duck and coverFixed-Base_Building